Russian Brides – Can You Still Get a Russian Mail Order Bride?
Posted on March 16, 2021 by Christopher K. Burns
Every person in this world dreams of finding happiness. Your path to your ideal partner is difficult and long. You have become a successful businessman and you know exactly how to run a company. But you are completely helpless when it comes to relationships. Many of your girlfriends just used you, wanting only expensive gifts, but did not want to give you love and start a family. Therefore, you still feel lonely. Let’s talk about Russian brides.
Sites To Find Russian Mail Order Brides & Dating Sites
You will meet love, you just need to look elsewhere, country or countries. For example, Russian brides for marriage are a great option because these women can make you truly happy. And in this review, we will tell you about the character traits of Russian mail-order girlfriends and which online dating agencies will help you.
Russia is a multinational country that stretches from the Black Sea in Europe to Japan and Alaska. The most famous and largest cities in Russia are Moscow (capital), St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, Vladivostok, Krasnodar, and Volgograd. Yes, this is a country with a unique culture and amazing history, which has enormous natural resources. However, the greatest wealth is beautiful Russian brides. Such gorgeous girls have a huge array of benefits that make them the best choice for marriage.
There are many reasons to date Russian women: their beauty, intelligence, good sense of humor, trustworthiness, romantic nature, and kindness. To make it easier to start a friendly conversation with a lady from another country or another city you need to remember some signs. Mail order brides prefer to meet men in person rather than online first; it means you need to be more active and persistent in your attempts to create a new relationship.
Russian mail order bride prefers to create her own family rather than raise a child alone. The best time of year for dating Russian women is summer because you can go on picnics and enjoy nice weather together. Dating Russian mail order brides means learning different traditions and customs that exist in different places of the country.
Wonderful Beauty
Yes, Russian mail order wives are very beautiful, and the whole world knows about it. You will agree with this as soon as you visit Russia or see a beautiful Russian lady. These ladies can be different: tall blondes with blue eyes or small brunettes with brown eyes – you will still feel their charm. Moreover, thanks to modern technology, you can quickly find the female of your dreams. However, all Russian girl have one important feature – natural beauty and a magnificent smile that captivates at first sight. And most importantly, this beauty does not age with age, so you will look with admiration at your Russian wife even after many years of family life.
Russian ladies have always had a special place in the world’s beauty. They do not think much and behave spontaneously, yet they do not do stupid things. Russian women for marriage are always ready to help, they will do anything to see you happy. They believe in their men and support them at any cost. Russian brides are fantastic wives and mothers. They are very good homemakers, skillful cooks, and always manage to make their family cozy and comfortable.
Real Russian brides have good taste and know what to wear. Their wardrobe is filled with stylish feminine clothes. Russian women appreciate good quality and details, so their clothes are mostly handmade by professional tailors or fashion designers.
Excellent Character
Harmonious relationships are built on trust and mutual respect. Russian mail-order brides know such wisdom, so they try to understand the partner, his interests, and life values. Also, Russian brides have a soft and pleasant character, so they do not like quarrels or scandals. Foreign singles understand the importance of personal space and are always ready to dialogue. And most importantly, Russian women are very loyal and love their husbands. Therefore, the percentage of divorces due to cheating is very small.
Men all over the world are looking for a woman with a specific set of physical attributes. This special woman is called a Russian lady. Worldwide, there are many Russian women that are being sought after by men. Many men have actually found their Russian women and marry them. There are several reasons why these men have made the decision to marry these women. Married Russian women have wonderful beauty, are loyal to their husbands, and are very submissive in their personalities. Russian women for marriage come from a background that is very similar to that of most U.S.-born women.
Also, Russian women are looking for love and dream of meeting the perfect partner online. A man who understands and respects them. Therefore, you will not be able to simply buy a Russian wife.
The first-hand experience of the majority of Western men who have visited Russia has shown that Russian women can also be incredibly ambitious and independent. Many Slavic women work hard to be able to provide for themselves and their loved ones. This includes providing a comfortable life, education, and a promising future for their children.
Education and Affection
Your life becomes more interesting and exciting when you start dating Russian women. Because most foreign brides have excellent education and excellent knowledge in many sciences and industries. This makes them great conversationalists and companions at any event. Moreover, Russian brides also have a great sense of humor, so even the most gloomy day becomes brighter and more fun with them.
In this article, we will try to disclose the secrets of Russian women, which should be taken into account by foreign men when choosing a partner. According to statistics, seven out of ten women in Russia live in today’s world with the primary goal – to find a “good husband” for life. You might think that this is exaggerated, but these are official figures from Rosstat (the official statistical agency of Russia).
Passion and Love
Another reason to choose Russian girls for marriage is their charm and passion. Yes, you enjoy spending the day with them, doing your favorite things. And the night will become even more interesting and delightful thanks to these women. Because you know they are extremely hot. Get ready for the beautiful Slavic woman to turn into a hot lady at nightfall. All your dreams will come true, so get ready to come true when you find a Russian bride.
Russian girls are the most attractive Slavic women in the world. They have a charming smile and a beautiful appearance. You can find Russian ladies from different cities, which are located in the European part of Russia, the Asian part, and the Baltic part. You will never feel lonely. And you do not need to worry about finding entertainment; Russian girls love to go to restaurants, theaters, and parks. Russian women for marriage also like making gifts for their partners, cooking delicious meals, and going to the spa. An active lifestyle is something that all ladies that are interested in a serious relationship share with each other.
A House Full of Love
Pretty Russian mail order bride has been brought up since childhood with respect for traditional family values. They understand that it is important to create an atmosphere of coziness and comfort at home and they do an excellent job with it. Now your kitchen will have exquisite dishes of local cuisine (yes, Slavic women cook well), and there will be cleanliness and order around. And most importantly, Russian mail order wives become ideal mothers who love children and help raise them.
Russian ladies are charming, gorgeous, and sexy, so you will not be bored with them. So if you are looking for an ideal Slavic woman to have a couple with, then you should see Russian girls. You have everything you need: a beautiful wife, children, and a happy family.
How much does a Russian mail order wife cost?
The Basic Fees Most agencies that facilitate international introductions charge an upfront fee for their services. This fee covers things like background checks and travel expenses for both parties involved in the introduction process. Depending on the agency, this fee can range from $500 to $5,000. It’s important to note that this fee does not include any additional costs related to visas or travel expenses for either party.
Visa Costs In addition to the basic fees outlined above, there are also visa-related expenses that must be taken into consideration when pursuing a Russian mail order bride. The United States Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS) recommends prospective applicants budget roughly $1,200 per person for these expenses. This includes things like medical exams, translation services, and other necessary documents required by USCIS before they can approve any visa application.
Travel Expenses Once all of the paperwork has been completed and approved by USCIS, you may be ready to fly out and meet your potential partner in person. Travel expenses vary depending on where you are going, but it’s important to budget accordingly if you plan on flying out of your home country for this purpose. Remember to factor in things like airfare, hotel stays, meals, and any other incidentals that may arise during your travels as well.
Dating Culture With a Russian Bride
The first date is very important. Therefore, we give you some tips on how to make the right impression on your first date.
Choose a good restaurant. The best choice is your Russian bride’s favorite restaurant (you already know about her preferences, don’t you). However, you can book a table in a cozy cafe with good food and atmosphere;
Take a gift. This will show your attention to detail and interest in a serious relationship. But remember that you are not trying to find European women for sale, so it is better to take a nice souvenir, flowers or perfume;
Communication. Beautiful European women love cheerful and sincere men with a great sense of humor. Therefore, we recommend you use jokes, but forget about rudeness or vulgarity is unacceptable. Also, be yourself, and honestly answer questions, because it is the only way you can build harmonious relationships;
Be a gentleman. At the end of the date with the woman, pay the bill (according to Russian culture, a man must do this). Also, do not invite a girl to your home after the first date. You’re looking for a bride, not a girlfriend for the night, aren’t you?
Russian Brides for Marriage – What is It?
So, if you have chosen Russian ladies for marriage, then you should know some interesting customs of this procedure. Some of the features of the rite have already become relics of the past, and are not used now, but there are still interesting modern nuances.
Russian women are quite popular these days. Any marriage agency will have its own section where you can find single Slavic women. If you plan to marry outside of your country, then one of the most interesting partners will be a Russian woman. Approximately fifteen percents of all marriages in Russia are between a Russian girl and a foreigner. Russian females are very beautiful, but this is not the main reason why Western males start getting interested. No, this is because Russian ladies have a completely different attitude towards life and marriage. They are well-educated, and usually, bring up their children with love.
Bride Kidnapping
A cheerful modern ritual with the kidnapping of the bride came to Russia today from the Caucasus, where a Russian woman could be stolen (most often by mutual agreement) in order not to pay kalam. Today, this ceremony, exclusively as a game element, is loved by many, because it brings variety and fun to the wedding celebration. Friends of the groom “kidnap” the newlywed during the wedding, and the groom must pass the test contests to find the Russian girl and return the bride.
Sprinkle with Rice and Petals
This curious tradition comes from a pagan past. After registering a marriage, guests shower the Russian girl and fiance with flower petals, rice, and coins. These gifts are a symbolic wish: fertility, material abundance, and prosperity.
First Dance of the Newlyweds
A very beautiful tradition, Russian dating back to the time of Peter the Great, when a noble wedding was invariably accompanied by a ball. And this ball opened with a waltz, which the newlyweds danced. Today, the first dance of the groom and the Russian mail order wife is an opportunity to express and show your love story in dance, showing your creativity. They begin to rehearse it a few weeks before the celebration, and the result is always worth the effort, in the form of enthusiastic glances from the guests.
Release of Doves
Today this ancient custom has returned and has earned real recognition. The dove, a symbol of purity, love, and peace, is also associated with a happy marriage because it is known that these birds choose a mate for themselves once and for life. So, the bride and groom hold white birds in their hands and at the same time release them into the sky. There are several signs associated with this rite. For example, if both birds quickly and quickly flew up, the union will be long-lasting and very happy. They also use pigeons to guess the sex of the unborn child: if the man’s pigeon flew first, then the boy will be the first-born if the females – wait for the girl.
Today there are many international online dating sites where you can meet Russian brides. However, not all companies work efficiently and honestly, so you need to conduct a thorough analysis before registering an account. However, we will save you time and suggest several professional agencies where you can meet the pretty single woman of your dream. Among the endless variety of sites and services, you can always find girls no matter the age. Online you can find the perfect girl no matter the age, and this girl will support you from dark times of your life.
You can choose matching girls with help of stories and photos. You can browse mail order bride sites with brides from different countries and spend all your time in process of breaking myths. In process of marrying young and hot beauty, you will understand the price of success. You will understand gentlemen, that value their time and prefer to order professional help. These gentlemen value their time and like the taster of success. They understand that success consists of professionalism and money. These gentlemen prefer to give their money to a girl from a marriage site. These gentlemen don’t like to waste time in process of marrying beauties from different regions and countries.
MeetGorgeousRussian
High-quality and convenient Russian wife finder, which has an excellent reputation and high-quality functionality. Dating sites offer a simple and convenient registration procedure, as well as a pleasant design that does not tire the eyes. Moreover, most Russian ladies are looking for American men for serious relationships, so their profiles are verified and well detailed. Some premium options are also available (such as Incognito mode), which makes communication with brides by country as anonymous as possible. Among all mail order bride sites and websites, AnastasiaDate can be your best opportunity to find a perfect match with hot Slavic women to marry in the future.
RussianBeautyDate
Another famous dating site is where Russian females looking for green card. Millions of users are registered here today, so your chance of finding the perfect bride is high. Moreover, a professional search program that analyzes many parameters will make this path more convenient and efficient. And the cost of a monthly subscription will please you. Among all international websites and Western services, you can definitely trust VictoriaHearts. This website will help you to discover your perfect match and contact hot girls from different countries.
KissRussianBeauty
Excellent mail order bride services with Russian wives that have been operating for over ten years. During this time, many single men have already met beautiful Slavic women here. Matrimonial website cares about customer safety and convenience. Therefore, the SSL protocol reliably protects personal data from hacking, and a high-quality mobile application for iOS and Android devices allows you to be online 24/7. Many American men think, that this site is an ideal place for finding attractive young Slavic women online. If you are interested in discovering attractive females of different ages, you can always approach success with help of this service.
RussianCupid
A branch of a world-famous corporation that cooperates with Russian singles. The site has a nice design and high-quality functionality that lowers the entrance threshold. Also, a huge number of beautiful Slavic women are registered here, so the chances of finding a Russian bride and get married are great. A wide range of options for the client and the help of a professional translator will make communication with a potential bride as comfortable as possible. Among many myths, you can always trust in the godlike power of RussianCupid. This site is the perfect place to find attractive females and contact them.
Badoo
This is a great mobile application to help you find Russian wives online. The program works with all modern iOS and Android devices and provides a stable connection even with a weak Internet signal. Moreover, the application is free and a new client can chat with beautiful Slavic women without replenishment of the deposit. A premium account gives you additional features: improved account visibility, access to private photos, and removal of certain limits. Badoo is the best site to discover available females and try to find your perfect match. Here you can find ladies of different ages with different stories. You can search through thousands of photos and spend your time in an attempt to find a bride.
Russian Women VS Ukrainian Women
A close relationship between the Russian and Ukrainian peoples does not exclude significant differences. It can be obvious in the ethnological characteristic of Russian brides. The differences are especially pronounced among the female half of the population of these two countries. Ukrainian and Russian brides differ from each other in terms of appearance despite their Slavic roots. These women are rather different in a whole range of psychological traits. A combination of the following parameters often determines the “face of the nation” which is typical for any Russian mail order bride.
Russian Mail Bride vs. Ukrainian Bride Appearance
The characteristic features of Russian mail order ladies’ appearance are based on genetic mixing occurred with other peoples including also Slavic mail brides who lived in the neighborhood. The appearance of a Russian wife and Ukrainian wife, the geographical position of the country, the expansion of the state at the historical level, and the annexation of lands are also important.
The beauty of Russian wives belongs to the Finno-Baltic type of appearance which is quite widespread among the northern nations. A typical Russian bride is characterized by light-colored hair combined with gray, blue, or green eyes, fine facial features, and fair skin.
Ukrainian women also have a similar type of appearance. However, it prevails in Russian mail order wives. Ukrainian brides still gravitate towards the southern type of appearance with Slavic notes. Ukrainian women, unlike a Russian lady, are characterized by bright contrasts and more expressive facial features. The dark shade of the hair of Slavic beauties is combined with black, green, and gray expressive eyes. Well-groomed eyebrows stand out brightly against fair skin.
The beauty of a typical Russian mail order wife echoes the frosty winter and spring thaw in its turn. Ukrainian brides resemble hot summers with dark nights. Each type of beauty is attractive in its own way. There is no unequivocal opinion on who is more beautiful and who is worse. Nevertheless, Russian brides for sale know their worth.
Character Differences of Beautiful Russian Brides vs. Ukrainians
Russian brides online have quite expressive differences in character, unlike Ukrainian women. Compliant and patient Russian brides for marriage are sometimes restrained in showing any emotions. Russian women forgive their husbands a lot. Moreover, Russian girls are even inclined to self-sacrifice without hesitation “they will enter a burning hut” or “stop a galloping horse.”
The character of the Russian bride has retained the norms of a strong personality that have been hammered into her for centuries. It is natural for beautiful Russian girls to stay in the background of the family. They are ready to support the undertakings of their beloved husbands and resigned to their shortcomings.
Freedom-loving Ukrainian brides have a quick-tempered and very stubborn character. Dating experts correlate these expressive character traits with the cult of the Mother Goddess which was followed for many centuries by the peoples of Ukraine, Romania and Bulgaria, and some neighboring countries.
Moreover, Ukrainian women are more demanding of men and are not inclined to forgive oversights for any merit. Unlike Russian mail order brides, Ukrainian women are ready to defend the truth in the most heated debate.
Love Stories of Russian Mail-Order Brides
Alex and Kate
9.9
Alex and Kate had both been single for a while when they decided to give online dating a try. They quickly connected on a dating site and started messaging each other daily. After weeks of getting to know each other, they finally decided to meet up in person. The date went great and they ended up talking for hours. They knew right then and there that they were meant to be together. They've been happily married for years now and are the envy of all their friends.
Robert and Diana
9.5
Robert and Diana were both single for a while when they met on an online dating site. They started messaging each other daily and after weeks of getting to know each other, decided to meet up in person. The date went great and they talked for hours. They knew right then that they were meant to be together and have been happily married for years now. All their friends are jealous!
Best Places to Find Russian Brides
St. Petersburg
You will never be left alone in St. Petersburg if you visit this picturesque city. This place is filled with beautiful women where you can order Russian bride to your taste. St. Petersburg is the second big city in Russia. A vast number of single local females will gladly give you a tour. The fact is that all local beauty women tend to enter into relationships with foreigners. Thus, when meet Russian brides do not forget to clarify your Russian bride cost.
Moscow
Over 13 million people live in Moscow these days. Among them, you will find mail order Russian bride with whom you will never get bored. Some local girls are of different nationalities such as Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Tatars, Turkmens, Ukrainians, and others. Can you imagine the proportion of single Russian brides among these women? You have all the chances of meeting your love are in the capital of Russia – Moscow! Find a Russian wife in the heart of the country.
Chelyabinsk
The first thing a wife finder should know about Chelyabinsk city is that the city is located on the eastern side of the Ural Mountains. Second, this Russian city is known for its beautiful local babes. Although this city has a reputation for being rough, local chicks are the most feminine and attractive.
Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod is a significant economic center of Russia. The city is also beautiful thanks to its historical sites that attract hundreds of tourists and foreign wife seekers. However, in Nizhny Novgorod, many tourists visit the city for the purpose of marriage and romantic dates as this place is full of attractive young women. Such place is the best option to get a Russian bride.
Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk is a Russian third well-populated city in Russia and it ranks in our list of the best cities to find Russian mail order brides. Novosibirsk unmarried girls are among the most beautiful Russian women.
Kazan
If you are seeking beautiful and good-educated Russian mail order wives, then you need to start from this amazing place. Kazan is considered one of the biggest cultural, educational, and even scientific centers of Russia. In the end, the best Russian women live there.
Rostov-on-Don
Do you like women with blond hair, blue or gray eyes, and rosy cheeks? Then the search for Russian brides in Rostov-on-Don is simply necessary. Rostov-on-Don is an eastern city of Russia. Ethnic Russians make up 90% of the population of Rostov-on-Don.
Ufa
Ufa is another wonderful city located on the Belaya River. It is the 11th most populated region in Russia with bewitching single women to marry. In addition to beautiful Slavic blondes with blue eyes, you can meet dark-haired and passionate Tatars and Bashkirs there who you like.
How to Marry a Russian Bride?
If you want to marry an irresistible Russian lady, you need to find a reliable way to organize your search for a partner. First, you need to find a reliable marriage website. The registration process on such portals is quite simple. Moreover, most international dating sites provide free registration. You just have to enter your age, name, country, and marital status to start a date with real Russian brides.
Once you find a girl from Russia that you like, you may start chatting with such a lady. You don’t need to worry about a language barrier. In truth, many Russian women speak English well enough to understand each other. You may hire an interpreter to help you keep a conversation.
If you decide to take your relationship to the next level, you have the option to book a ticket to Russia and take a trip to this hospitable country. Be prepared for additional costs associated with transportation and accommodation. You may also come to Moscow through a third country which will cut your costs.
If you desire to marry a Russian girl, get ready to prepare a bunch of paperwork to bring a foreign bride to your country. For foreign nationals, there are strict rules for entering the United States. You need to be well prepared in order to avoid any obstacles on the way to your happiness.
First of all, you must decide and be honest with yourself: “Why do you need a Russian woman?” If you dream of a woman who will make your life a paradise, then in fact you will have much more responsibility on your shoulders. You will face many new worries such as visas, documents, adaptation, and cultural differences. As a rule, relationships with a Russian woman are doubly difficult. However, Russian brides dating has some advantages that will lead you to happiness in married life.
Pros and Cons of Marrying Russian Mail Order Brides
Pros
Cons
Family-Oriented
Intolerant
Experienced Lovers
Choosy
Loyal
Lazy
Submissive
Obstinate
Open-Hearted
Language Barrier
Self-Confident
Prices
What Is Dating Like in Russia?
Take the Initiative into Your Hands
As a rule, Russian girls never plan a date. They rely on the thinking and suggestions of a man. They want their fiance to think, plan and surprise already on the first date. Generally, Russian ladies date older men.
Local girls are expected to be uniquely well-groomed, beautiful and feminine. This is the skill that all Slavic girls have mastered to the greatest extent. Keep in mind that your Slavic lady will start preparing for a date at least a few hours or even a few days in advance.
Total Preparation and Gorgeous Look
A girl from Russia is willing to invest a lot of money in manicures and other beauty treatments. This woman spends a lot of time and patience choosing the right clothes and makeup. This lady wants to always look perfect. She will look her best without any doubt. In most cases, this has nothing to do with what this lady is trying to do to get some benefit out of you.
Question of Upbringing
Raising local girls is also a matter of family habits. Often, she will expect great admiration from your side. Never hesitate to compliment a Russian girl on her appearance. A local girl accepts admiration with grace and a smile no matter what you say to her. If you think about how much Russian girls spend on looking beautiful, this is quite justified.
Try to Correspond
A typical date outfit for a girl is skinny jeans, high-heeled boots and a beautiful top. But this may not be enough in Russia. You will feel better if you wear more stylish clothes. This doesn’t mean you have to wear the most expensive suit but a neat tuxedo would be nice.
Surely you have already understood that there is no universal solution when dating Eastern European girls. One way or another, they are all different. What impresses one may repulse another. But our advice may increase your chances of making a date at any cost. Regardless of the personality traits of a girl, there are several universal rules for dating a Russian girl. They will increase your chances of getting another date.
Now you know more about Russian brides by country thanks to our review. All that remains is to choose among quality dating sites and take the first step to happiness. May luck be on your side! Among Eastern European girls, American men prefer Russian dating. If you know about Russian ladies and the key features of Russian brides, you will definitely try your luck with mail order brides from this country. You can choose any site to find a perfect Slavic bride. The site doesn’t really matter. It’s not the story about mail-ordering services, it is the story about your future.
FAQ
How to Find a Russian Mail Order Bride?
Things are getting easier in the era of modern technology. Today you don't have to go to Russia and waste a lot of time. There is a more convenient way. Conduct a thorough analysis and choose among the best mail order bride sites for Asian or Russian brides by country. We've even brought you a list of trusted and professional leaders; Visit the official page and go through the registration procedure, becoming a new client; Use the search program to configure the parameters; Use the algorithm and see what matches it suggests; Replenish your deposit (if necessary) and start chatting with a Russian woman; Invite a pretty mail order bride on a date and find out if she is suitable for the role of your bride.
How Much Do Russian Brides Cost?
Yes, we have already said that you are not looking for a Russian bride for sale. But some of the steps to happiness may require the use of a credit card. For example, the average monthly subscription for a dating site is $30-50, and online dating costs around $2500-3000. But your happiness, together with a beautiful Russian bride, is worth much more, isn't it? Price can differ from site to site, and many men prefer strong and famous sites to avoid potential fraud. You can choose any site or service and still will get the same price.
Why Are Russian Women So Beautiful?
It's all about the history and wide geography. A variety of nationalities live on the territory of Russia, both Asian and European. Such mixing of genes gives amazing results, and Russian women are the most beautiful on the planet. So, if you want to pick brides by country and get married to the perfect wife, you definitely need to try a Russian mail order bride. No matter service or website, you will be shocked by the unbelievable beauty of ladies from Eastern Europe.
Are Russian Brides a Thing?
Russian ladies are world-renowned wives. Many men would love to be with a bride from this country. They are well known for giving men everything they desire. They are super caring and passionate; they enjoy making their partner feel like a king. It is also good to know that in Russia, wives are traditional women, which means they make sure the man is taken care of in all departments. What more do you require?
How to Marry a Russian Woman?
Women from this country are so sought after and looked at as ultimate brides. There are things that can be done to impress them. The first thing is to always show respect and be polite when chatting with them. Having manners is looked at in a very positive light by Russian ladies. It is also good to show your interest by sending her gifts. If you are dating online, it is possible to send virtual gifts. It goes a long way and creates love in the air.
What is Dating Like in Russia?
In Russia, the dating scene is rather complex. Many Russian women turn to online dating establishments to meet their love. Russian men are not known for their kindness and caring behavior. In reality, Russian men are pretty rude and offensive to women. So there is a massive demand for brides from this country to search for alternate mates. Through dating platforms, Russian girls can chat with American and European men and start a new life. You will be surprised how many Russian girls you will find online.
Christopher is an experienced dating and relationship coach in the USA. He provides useful knowledge to help singles conquer their fears about marriage and improve life.
